![]() The benefits of fish oil are primarily attributed to omega-3 fatty acids, found mainly in oily fish. Recently, fish oil has been used to replace soybean oil in lipid emulsions to reduce the possible risk of inflammatory complications. However, a high percentage of omega-6 PUFAs in soybean oil contributes to the immunosuppressive effect. Soybean oil is the traditional source of lipid emulsions. Intravenous lipid emulsions are a component of parenteral nutrition used as a resource for essential fatty acids for supplying energy to patients. The PUFAs from fish oils or cod liver oils can also be employed with a high level of safety as natural antibacterial and anti-infectious agents. The anticancer effect of omega-3 PUFAs is ascribed to the capability of downregulating proinflammatory eicosanoid synthesis from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The consumption of fish oil containing a high level of PUFAs can play a role in cancer prevention and therapy. The meta-analysis studies have shown that fish oil consumption and dietary omega-3 PUFAs decrease the risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus via enhanced insulin sensitivity. The PUFA supplementation can diminish the risks of cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, high blood pressure, and low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. The use of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil capsules has been associated with a reduction in plasma triglyceride concentration, leading to the decreased incidence of hyperlipidemia. The epidemiological studies show a significant improvement of asthma symptoms in patients receiving fish oil supplements rich in DHA and EPA. It is believed that the bioactivities of fish oils are chiefly due to the effect of PUFAs. PUFAs also demonstrate beneficial activity on the development of the nervous, immune, visual, and cutaneous systems in infants. The PUFAs in fish oils have proved to be beneficial for treating rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular events, cancers, and depression. Besides vitamins and minerals, fish oils are the most frequently used nutritional supplements in older adults >65 years of age. The interest in fish oils arose from the reports on Eskimos’ high dietary intake of fish oils associated with a very low occurrence of inflammation-related diseases and ischemic heart disorders. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, are the predominant PUFAs derived from fish oils. Large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are found in the extracts of fish oils. Fish oils, which are rich in fatty acids, show evidence of potential health benefits. The effect of fish oils in disease prevention and management has been studied for more than 50 years. The research data relating to fish oil treatment of skin disorders suggest a way forward for generating advances in cosmetic and dermatological uses. This review summarizes the cutaneous application of fish oil and the related fatty acids in the cell-based, animal-based, and clinical models. ![]() The following describes the different cosmetic and therapeutic approaches using fatty acids derived from fish oil, especially ALA, LA, DHA, and EPA. A systemic review was conducted to demonstrate the association between fish oil supplementation and the benefits to the skin. On the other hand, PUFAs in fish oil can be the regulators that affect the synthesis and activity of cytokines for promoting wound healing. The major mechanisms of PUFAs for attenuating cutaneous inflammation are the competition with the inflammatory arachidonic acid and the inhibition of proinflammatory eicosanoid production. The other PUFAs, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), also show a beneficial effect on the skin. There has been increasing interest in the relationship of fish oil with skin protection and homeostasis, especially with respect to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Fish oil has been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. ![]()
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